In the resource-constrained wireless sensor network (WSN) geographic routing has been considered as an attractive method where it exploits the location information of the node instead of global topology to transmit the data. The WSN routing protocol faces the routing issues when it is used by a heterogeneous device and utilizes high energy during the propagation of data. The lifespan of the sensor network depends on the efficiency of energy and capacity of the battery. Hence, successful data transmission, enrichment of battery capacity and energy utilization is necessary for WSN. To attain this requirement an effective change is made in the data transmission environment and network topology. A cluster-based routing mechanism is initiated, and it utilize the optimization-based cluster mechanism which in turn reduces the consumption of energy and maximizes the throughput. The process of cluster head selection is attained using Artificial Fish Swarm Optimization and the routing is done using bacterial foraging algorithm. The objective function of the proposed approach provides an effective routing strategy. The demonstration of simulation results shows the effective cluster size balancing with data transmission range. The proposed technique is compared with the existing approach and from the results, the energy consumption is minimum for diverse nodes.