The bolted prefabricated concrete wall is widely used in construction due to its simple connection and rapid construction. The quasi-static tests of seven full-scale dry-type bolted prefabricated concrete walls (including four steel-plate-type bolted walls and three through-connection-type bolted walls) were conducted. The test results indicated that the bolted prefabricated wall would spread out at horizontal connection firstly and then the wall had rigid rotation, resulting in a lower lateral stiffness than the cast-in-place wall panel. Based on the elastic theoretical researches and finite numerical analyse, the horizontal deformation feature of the bolted prefabricated concrete wall was revealed, and the effect factors of lateral stiffness were analyzed. Moreover, the calculation formula of initial lateral stiffness of bolted prefabricated concrete wall was derived and its reliability was verified by numerical analyse and test results. In addition, through parameter analyse, a simplified calculation formula for initial lateral stiffness reducing the coefficient of bolted prefabricated concrete wall considering four effect factors (steel ratio of connection, height-width ratio of wall, axial compression ratio, and relative position of connection) was proposed. The error between the results by simplified formula and numerical analysis results is within 20%, indicating that the predicated results by the proposed simplified formula have high precision