SYNTHESIS, SPECTROSCOPIC AND ULTRASONIC STUDY OF WATER-BASED COPPER NANOFLUIDS

Abstract

This study reports the synthesis of well-dispersed, uniformly sized copper nanoparticles and their structural and acoustical characterization. Copper nanoparticles were prepared using a simple and economical chemical reduction technique, with copper sulfate pentahydrate serving as the precursor material. The synthesis was performed under varied experimental conditions, and the crystalline characteristics of the nanoparticles were examined using X-ray diffraction analysis. UV–visible spectroscopy revealed a distinct absorption maximum at 295 nm. Scanning Electron Microscopy confirmed the formation of predominantly spherical nanoparticles with average particle sizes ranging from 30 to 60 nm. Ultrasonic investigations were conducted at a frequency of 5 MHz using an ultrasonic interferometer to measure ultrasonic velocity, density, and viscosity for copper nanofluids of different concentrations at temperatures of 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, and 40 °C. Additional acoustical parameters were derived from the measured data. Variations in ultrasonic parameters were analyzed to elucidate the interaction mechanisms between copper nanoparticles and the aqueous base fluid.