HYBRID GREY WOLF–ANT BEE COLONY OPTIMIZED PI CONTROLLER FOR ENHANCED POWER QUALITY IN HYBRID WIND–PV–EV SYSTEMS TO MITIGATED TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION (THD)

Abstract

An electric vehicle (EV) control mechanism that might be implemented using a hybrid Grey Wolf
Ant Bee Colony (GWO-ABC) is a grid-connected wind-photovoltaic (PV) system. As the controller 
of the DFIG-based wind subsystem adjusts the PI gains of the grid-side converter (GSC) and the 
rotor-side converter (RSC), they collaborate with the PV array through the shared DC link. The 
tuning criterion aims to minimize a multi-objective cost that incorporates settling time, total 
harmonic distortion at the point of common connection (THD), and the integral of time-weighted 
absolute voltage inaccuracy, among other things (ITAE). Scenarios like as renewable ramps, 
stochastic EV load steps, and single-phase voltage sag are used to test a MATLAB/Simulink model. 
Across these cases, the proposed GWO–ABC–PI achieves tighter DC-bus regulation with reduced 
overshoot, maintains near-unity power factor, and lowers grid-current distortion such that PCC 
voltage THD remains within IEEE 519-2022 limits. Comparative studies versus standalone GWO
PI, ABC-PI, and a PI–ANFIS baseline show faster convergence of tuned gains and improved 
disturbance rejection without sacrificing the transparency and low computational footprint of PI 
control. The results indicate that hybrid metaheuristic tuning offers a practical pathway to robust 
power-quality enhancement in hybrid renewable–EV systems subject to non-linear loads and grid 
imbalance.