Electrical cable theft is a major problem in Indian Railways. It leads to service interruptions, financial losses, and serious safety risks. Traditional monitoring systems rely on manual checks or limited CCTV surveillance. They frequently fail to catch theft in real time, causing delays in response and increased damage. This project presents an Electrical Cable Theft Detection System using IoT sensors, microcontrollers, and GSM communication modules to monitor cable continuity and voltage levels along railway tracks. The system promptly detects unusual changes like cable cuts or voltage drops. When it identifies theft, it sends immediate alerts to railway authorities, enabling quick actions to reduce damage. By providing real-time monitoring, the system enhances the security of railway electrical infrastructure, lowers financial losses due to theft or damage, and ensures passenger safety. Moreover, it decreases the need for manual inspections and lessens manpower requirements. It supports continuous monitoring even in remote or hard-to-reach railway areas. Overall, this IoT-based solution offers a reliable, effective, and affordable way to safeguard crucial railway infrastructure