Thermoelectric electricity conversion gives a promising solution for efficient power era by way of directly reworking thermal power into electric energy. This summary explores recent improvements within the area, specializing in novel substances and innovative device architectures designed to enhance the performance and performance of thermoelectric structures. The paper reviews modern substances with improved thermoelectric homes, such as high Seebeck coefficients, low thermal conductivity, and excessive electrical conductivity. Additionally, it highlights rising device architectures that optimize warmness glide and electrical transport, including nanostructured substances, multilayered structures, and advanced fabrication techniques. By addressing each material and structural innovations, this work ambitions to provide a complete review of current development and destiny directions in growing excessive-performance thermoelectric gadgets.